Elements of Farm Power and Machinery By S K Gupta

Product details

Publisher ‏: Daya Publishing House
Author : S K Gupta
Language ‏: English
Edition : Latest By Publishers
Book Cover : Hard Back
ISBN : 9789354611032

Table of Content

Preface v 1. Introduction to Farm Power 1 Force Work Power Horsepower Energy Conversion Factors Sources of Power Mobile Power Stationary Power Human Power Animal Power Mechanical Power Electrical Power Renewable Sources of Power Farm Power in India and Punjab Basic Machines The Lever The Pulley System The Wheel and Axle The Inclined Plane The Wedge The Screw and Gears Questions (Theory) 2. Internal Combustion Engines 23 Heat Engine External combustion (EC) Engine Internal Combustion (IC) Engine Classification of IC Engines Based on Working Cycle Based on Cycle of Combustion Based on Method of Ignition IC Engine Components Terminology of IC Engines and Tractor Important Conversions Construction and Working of an IC Engine Four Stroke Cycle Engine (Petrol/Diesel Engine) Petrol Engine Diesel Engine Indicator Diagram Otto Cycle Diesel Cycle TwoStroke Petrol and Diesel Engines Upward Stroke of the Piston (Suction + Compression) Downward Stroke (Power + Exhaust) Indicator Diagrams -2 Stroke Engines Petrol Engine Diesel Engine Questions (Theory) 3. Tractor Systems 47 Air Supply System Dry Air Cleaner Oil Wetted Mesh Cleaner Oil Bath Air Cleaners Fuel Supply System Quality of Fuel Spark Ignition Engine Diesel Engine Turbocharger Exhaust System Lubricating System Types of Lubricants Types of Lubricating Systems Parts of Lubrication System Troubles x in Lubrication System Care and Maintenance of Lubrication System Cooling System Air Cooling System Water Cooling System Methods of Water Cooling Components of a Forced Water Cooling System Coolants and Antifreeze Mixture Power Transmission System Clutch Construction and Operation of a Friction Clutch Gearbox Components of Gearbox Kinds of Gearboxes Differential Differential Lock Final Drive PTO Shaft Hydraulic Control System Implement Control Position Control Draft Control Mixed Position and Draft Control Maintenance and Repair of Hydraulic System Ignition Systems Components of Battery Ignition System Working of the System Magneto Ignition System Electronic Ignition System Compression Ignition System Firing Order Steering Mechanism Mechanical Steering Hydraulic/Electronic Power Steering (EPS) Governors Methods of Governing Kinds of Governors Governor Hunting Governor Regulation Brake System Categorization of Brakes Braking Efficiency Tractor Hitching Systems Questions (Theory) 4. Farm Tractors and Power Tillers 113 History of Tractor Development Classification of Tractors Characteristics of a Good Tractor Selection of Tractor Tractor Components Important Dimensions and Terms Hitching Systems of Implements Power Outlets Power Take-off Unit (PTO) A Hook and a Drawbar Three Point Linkage Belt Pulley Safety Precautions for Handling and Driving Tractors Precautions while Starting the Tractor Precaution during Operation at the Farm Precautions during Operation on the Road Crawler Tractor Power Tiller Components of Power Tiller Power Transmission Operation Power Transmission from Power Source to Machines Belts Chains Gears Cost of Tractor Power Ownership Cost Operational Cost Questions (Theory) 5. Introduction to Electric Motors 143 Classification/Types of Motors Basic Principle of Motors DC Motors Motor Starter AC Motors Split-phase Motor Capacitor Motor Three-phase Induction Motor Submersible Motors AC Motor Starters Types of Motor Starters Selection of Electric Motors Care of Electric Motors How to Clean a Motor? Safety of the Motors Fuse MCB MCCB Relay Questions (Theory) 6. Farm Mechanization 161 Mechanization Defined Need of Farm Mechanization Brief History and Current Status Benefits of Farm Mechanization Ill-effects of Farm Mechanization Constraints in Farm Mechanization Small and Marginal Farmers and Farm Mechanization Government Initiatives on Farm Mechanization Policy Framework Questions (Theory) 7. Primary Tillage and Related Equipment 175 Tillage Defined Objectives of Tillage Tools/Implement/Machine Tillage Classification Preparatory Tillage Primary Tillage Secondary Tillage Kinds xi of Tillage Operations Conservation Tillage Ploughing Methods of Ploughing a Land Headland Pattern Ploughs Country or indigenous Plough Animal Drawn Mould-Board Plough Tractor Operated MB Plough Kinds of MB Plough Bottoms Components Plough Accessories Materials of Construction Adjustments of Mould-Board Plough Terms Used in Ploughing Disc Plough Commonly Used Terms Types of Disc Plough Plough Adjustments Trouble Shooting Special Ploughs Rotavator Reversible MB Plough Ridge Plough Chisel and Sub-soil Ploughs Basin Lister Questions (Theory) 8. Secondary Tillage and Related Equipment 209 Harrows Disc Harrow Components Adjustments to Increase Penetration Care and Maintenance of Disc Harrow Other Kinds of Harrows Power Harrow- Tractor Drawn cultivators Sweeps/Shovels and Shanks Animal Drawn Cultivators Tractor Drawn Cultivators Rotary Tiller or Rotavator Hoes Puddlers Secondary Tillage Implements for Rice Cultivation Cage Wheels Paddy Weeder Land Rollers or Pulverizers Cage Roller (Clod Crusher) Tractor drawn Spiked Clod Crusher Improved Bakhar V-shaped Roller Pulverizer Clod Breaker Sheep Foot Roller Soil Packer Good Agricultural Practice in Tillage Questions (Theory) 9. Field Capacity Power Requirement and Costing 235 Field Capacity Theoretical Field Capacity Actual/Effective Field Capacity Field Efficiency Material Capacity Power Required Estimation of Drawbar Power PTO Power Hydraulic Power Wheel Slip Selection of Tractor Power Cost of Farm Machinery Cost of Tractor and Machine Tractor and Implement Selection Selection of Farm Machinery Ownership of Farm Machinery Points to be Considered while Making Actual Purchase Questions (Theory) 10. Machinery for Land Leveling and Land Forming 251 Land Leveling Benefits of Land Leveling Phases of Land Leveling Operation Machinery for Land Leveling Bulldozer/Dozer for Land Clearing Methods of Land Leveling Manual Leveling Animal or Mechanical Power Animal drawn Soil Scoop Animal drawn Leveling Board Patella Harrow Animal drawn Buck Scraper Tractor Drawn Implements Tractor Mounted Dozer Tractor Drawn Leveler Tractor Drawn Land Plane Box and Grading Scrapers Laser Land Leveling Laser Land Leveling Equipment Steps in Land Leveling Program Benefits and Limitations of Laser Land Leveling Land Forming Equipment Bund Former Ridger Irrigation Channel Former Tractor Drawn Ditcher Questions (Theory) 11. Sowing and Planting Equipment 267 Methods of Sowing Broadcasting Dibbling Drilling Transplanting Limitations of Traditional Methods Seed Drill Classification of Seed Drills Components of Seed Drill Seed Metering Mechanisms Fertilizer Metering Systems Furrow xii Openers and their Types Coulters and Covering Devices Sowing Implements The Seed-cum-fertilizer Drill Tractor Mounted Ridger Seeder Zero Till Drill Turbo Happy Seeder Pneumatic Multi-crop Drill/Planter Calibration of Seed Drill Farm Shed Calibration Procedure Calibration in the Field Rice Transplanting Walk Behind/Manual Rice Planter Engine Operated Paddy Transplanter Preparation of Mat-type Nursery Preparation of Field for Transplanting Direct Seeded Rice Tractor Mounted Direct Rice Seeder Planter Tractor Mounted Modular Planter Bed Planter Tractor Mounted Ridge Planter for Winter Maize Potato Planter General Precautions during Sowing Questions (Theory) 12. Irrigation Pumps 297 What Is a Pump? Classification of Pumps Working Principle of Centrifugal Pumps Kinds of Pumps Based on Flow Direction in the Pump Casing Design or Energy Conversion Type of Impeller Components of a Pump Rotating Parts Stationary Components Pump Performance or Characteristic Curves Pump Selection Criteria Installation of the Pump Operation Cost of Pumping Power Required and Energy Consumption Trouble Shooting Turbine Pump Pump Bowl Assembly Column Pipe Assembly Line Shafting Surface Discharge Head Driver Submersible Pumps Solar Water Pumping System Advantages of Solar-Powered Irrigation Disadvantages Questions (Theory) 13. Plant Protection Equipment 327 Sprayers/Dusters Kinds of Sprayers/Dusters sprayers Basic Components of a Sprayer Components of a Nozzle Sprayer Types Manually Operated Sprayers Power Sprayers Air-craft Spraying Types of Nozzles Types based on Construction Types based on Shape of the Spray Droplet size Calibration of Sprayer Precautions in Spraying Before the Operation During Dilution During the Operation After the Operation Duster Types of Dusters Manually Operated Dusters Power Operated Dusters Precautions and Maintenance Selection of Appliances Important Formulae and Calculations Amount of Insecticide Needed for Spraying Questions (Theory) 14. Harvesting and Threshing Equipment 361 Harvesting Defined Classification of Harvesting Equipment Traditional Harvesting Methods Sickle Scythe Dao Mowers and Reapers Mowers Conventional Mower/Reaper Problems and Adjustments Vertical Conveyor Reapers Reaper-cum- Binder Root Crops Harvesters Potato Digger Groundnut Digger Tractor Operated Turmeric Harvester Tapioca Puller Threshing Traditional Threshing Methods Olpad Thresher Hand Operated Drum Thresher A Word on Manual Winnowing Limitations of Traditional Methods Mechanical Threshers Parts of a Thresher Principle and Working Factors Affecting Threshing Performance Precautions during Operation of a Thresher Manually Operated Drum Thresher Maize Dehusker-cum-Sheller Combine Harvester xiii Header and Gathering Unit Cutting and Feeding Unit Threshing Drum and Concave Unit Separating Unit/Cleaning Unit Handling Unit Requirements for Efficient Harvesting Safety associated with Combine Harvesters Stubble Management for Combine Harvester Super Straw Management System (SSMS) Straw Balers Questions (Theory) 15. Garden Tools 393 General Purpose Tools Spade Khurpa Crow Bar Shovel Trowel Axe Garden Line Wheelbarrow Watering Can Garden Hose Tools for Specialized Tasks Garden Hoe Hedge Shear Grass Shear Dibber Garden Sword Pruning and Lopping Tools Pruning or Slashing Knife Pruners Clippers or Secateurs Loppers Pruning Saw or Hand Saw Power Driven Chainsaw Pole Pruner Hedge Cutters The Flower Scissors Draining and Tapping Knife Grafting and Budding Tools Benefits of Grafting and Budding Grafting Tool Budding-cum- Grafting Knife Grafting Wax Tape and Budding Rubbers Other Equipment and Accessories Sprayers Lawn Mower Auger Bore Diggers Precautions in Use of Garden Tools Care and Maintenance of Garden Tools Fruit Harvesters Contact Machines Mechanical Harvesting of Fruits Questions (Theory) 16. Tools and Machines for Forestry 413 Power Sources in Forestry Hydraulic (Water) Power Animal Power Mechanical Power Operations Hand Tools and Ancillary Equipment Axes Hooks Hand Sappie or Nursery Kutla Debarking Spud Tree Felling Lever Tongs Pickaroon Stalk Puller Measuring Stick Stem Tightener Saws Hand Saws Power Saws Self-Propelled Forest Harvester Extraction Skidding Skidding Attachments Grapple Skidders Forwarders Loaders and Trailers Wire Crane Loader Grapple Loader Forestry Trailers Chippers Disc Chipper Drum Chipper Stump Grinders Other Machines Questions (Theory) 17. Miscellaneous Equipment 433 Chaff Cutter Hand Operated Chaff Cutter Hoists Tractor Mounted Telescopic Hoist Green Manure Trampler Manure Spreader Drainage Ditchers or Trenchers Tree Planting Tractor Operated Post Hole Auger Digger Engine Operated Post Hole Auger Digger Trailers Mechanization in Sugarcane Cultivation Two Row Pit Digger Power Operated Sugarcane Sett Cutting Machine Manual Bud-chipping Machine Animal drawn Sugarcane Planter Tractor Operated Sugarcane Planter Tractor drawn Sugarcane Cutter Planter Animal drawn Earthing-up Hoe Harvesting Equipment Soldier-type Cane Harvester Sugarcane Detrasher Heera Sugarcane Harvester Tractor Operated Sugarcane Trash Shredder Harvester Combine Ratoon Management Device Questions (Theory) xiv Annexure I 451 Annexure II 461 Glossary of Terms 465 Objective Type Questions and Answers 487 References 525 Index